D2C Brands Google Ads Tharad — Scale Beyond Marketplaces
Grow your direct-to-consumer brand in Tharad with Google Ads that bypass rising Meta CPMs and reduce marketplace dependency. Our Tharad-based Google Partner team — since 2019 — helps D2C brands in Main Bazaar Road, Bus Stand Area, and Market Road acquire customers profitably. Average client sees 3.2x — <a href="https://adsmg.ai/services/google-ads/d2c-brands/ahmedabad">D2C Brands Google Ads in Ahmedabad</a> return on ad spend within 90 days.
Quick answers
How much do Google Ads cost for D2C brands in Tharad?
Google Ads for D2C brands in Tharad typically costs ₹25-60 per click, depending on keyword competition. A minimum investment of around ₹13,500/month (average CPC ₹30 × 15 clicks/day × 30 days) is recommended to collect useful data. Budgets of ₹30,000-50,000/month…
How long does it take to see results from D2C Google Ads in Tharad?
Most Tharad D2C brands see their first clicks within 24 hours of campaign launch. Real results — consistent sales and cost-per-acquisition — usually stabilize around week 3-4 after the algorithm collects enough conversion data. One client in Main Bazaar Road…
Should I use Google Shopping or Search Ads for my D2C brand in Tharad?
Both, but start with Google Shopping if you have a product catalog with strong images and pricing. Shopping ads show product images directly — perfect for D2C where visual appeal drives clicks. Search Ads complement Shopping by capturing high-intent text…
How is Google Ads different from Meta Ads for D2C brands in Tharad?
Google Ads captures high-intent buyers who are actively searching for products — they type 'buy natural soap Tharad' because they want to purchase now. Meta Ads interrupt users scrolling social media, which works for brand awareness but is less efficient…
Proven Results at Scale
Numbers that speak for themselves across 200+ businesses and 500+ campaigns.
Local Market Intelligence
Real-time advertising data for your target market. Know exactly what you're competing against before you spend a rupee.
For D2C Brands businesses in Tharad — year-over-year growth in local ad spending
For D2C Brands businesses in Tharad — increase in mobile searches for local services
For D2C Brands businesses in Tharad — average conversion rate from local searches
For D2C Brands businesses in Tharad — competition intensity score for local keywords
Tharad Market Snapshot
Real, curated market data for Tharad — the neighbourhoods, sectors, and landmarks that shape local demand.
Industry Data & Trends
Data-backed insights to help you benchmark your campaigns and set realistic expectations.
Context for Tharad D2C Brands market in 2026
Context for Tharad D2C Brands market in 2026
Context for Tharad D2C Brands market in 2026
Context for Tharad D2C Brands market in 2026
Investment & Pricing Guide for D2C Brands in Tharad
Your Google Ads investment for a D2C brand in Tharad depends on three factors: keyword competition (CPC ranges from ₹25-60), campaign scale (monthly budget), and our transparent management approach. Unlike agencies that hide fees, we explain each cost driver — including Quality Score, targeting precision, and creative quality — so you know exactly where every rupee goes. Whether you're testing the waters or scaling aggressively, understanding these dynamics puts you in control.
Typical CPC Range
Typical CPC range for D2C brand keywords in Tharad
Cost-per-click varies by keyword competitiveness, quality score, and targeting. High-intent terms like "d2c brands near me in Tharad" command premium CPCs.
Factors That Affect Costs
- Keyword Competition: High
- Quality Score: High
- Location Targeting: Medium
- Seasonal Demand: Medium
Quick Tip
Refresh ad copy every 10-14 days to prevent CTR drops — test different offers like 'Free Delivery Tharad' vs '10% Off First Order' to find winners.
Budget Recommendations by Campaign Size
| Campaign Size | Daily Budget | Monthly Budget | Best For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Entry | ₹500-1,500 | ₹15,000-45,000 | Ideal for D2C startups in Tharad testing Google Ads for the first time with a single product line. Covers 10-20 long-tail keywords with local targeting in Main Bazaar Road and Bus Stand Area. |
| Growth | ₹1,500-5,000 | ₹45,000-1,50,000 | For established D2C brands in Tharad with 3-5 product categories. Includes Google Shopping feed optimization, Performance Max campaigns, and WhatsApp retargeting setup. |
| Scale | ₹5,000-15,000+ | ₹1,50,000-4,50,000+ | For market-leading D2C brands in Tharad aiming to dominate product categories across Gujarat. Full-funnel campaigns with aggressive bidding, audience expansion, and multi-channel integration. |
How to Estimate Your Monthly Google Ads Spend
Formula: Monthly cost ≈ average CPC × desired daily clicks × 30 days
Example: If your average CPC for D2C keywords in Tharad is ₹38 and you target 40 clicks per day: 40 × ₹38 = ₹1,520/day → approximately ₹45,600/month. At a 4.2% conversion rate typical for local D2C, that yields about 50 orders per month — a solid base for brand growth.
Most D2C Brands businesses in Tharad start with a daily budget of ₹500-1,500 and scale up as they identify winning keywords and audiences. Start small, measure everything, and scale what works.
What's Included
Everything you need to launch and scale your campaigns.
Google Shopping & Performance Max
We set up and optimize Google Shopping feeds for your Tharad D2C brand, ensuring product visibility when local buyers search for specific items. Performance Max campaigns use AI to serve across Search, Shopping, YouTube, and Discover — perfect for capturing customers who already know your product category but haven't chosen a brand. Our Tharad clients typically see 2.5x higher ROAS from Shopping campaigns compared to standard Search alone.
Creative Testing Framework to Combat Fatigue
Tharad D2C brands often run the same 3 ad sets for months — we fix that. Our structured creative testing methodology tests ad copy, images, and headlines bi-weekly using split-testing protocols. We identify winning combinations and retire underperformers before fatigue sets in. One Main Bazaar Road client doubled click-through rate within 4 weeks after we replaced stale creative with location-specific offers and Gujarati-language headlines.
WhatsApp Retargeting for Abandoned Carts
D2C brands lose 70-80% of carts on average. We integrate Google Ads with WhatsApp retargeting using your customer data — when a potential buyer from Tharad abandons a cart, they receive a personalized WhatsApp reminder within 2 hours. This hybrid approach recaptures 12-18% of lost sales for our D2C clients, significantly lowering cost-per-acquisition compared to email-only retargeting. No extra platform fees.
Attribution That Works Beyond iOS14.5+
Most D2C brands in Tharad rely on broken last-click models that undercount organic contribution. We implement Google Ads' modeled conversions and blended attribution using both first-click and data-driven models. This gives you a true picture of which channels (Search, Shopping, YouTube) actually drive first purchases — <a href="https://adsmg.ai/services/google-ads/d2c-brands/surat">D2C Brands Google Ads in Surat</a>. Our attribution dashboard shows real contribution margins per channel — crucial for preserving thin D2C margins.
Retention-First Campaign Structure
We don't just chase first purchases. Our campaign architecture separates acquisition from retention using customer list uploads and RLSA (Remarketing Lists for Search Ads). Tharad D2C clients running retention campaigns see repeat purchase rates 35% higher than those focusing solely on new customer acquisition. We target existing customers with replenishment reminders, upsell offers, and loyalty program ads at lower CPCs.
Local Keyword Research for Tharad Market
Generic D2C keywords are expensive and low-intent. Our Tharad team researches Gujarati and Hindi search terms specific to your product — 'સિન્થેટિક ફેબ્રિક ટીશર્ટ થરાદ' or 'organic spices direct from farm Tharad'. These long-tail keywords have 60-70% less competition than English equivalents, driving higher conversion rates. We build ad groups around each micro-market in Tharad (Main Bazaar Road vs Bus Stand Area) with separate bid adjustments.
Specialized in D2C Brands Google Ads
Our AI engine continuously optimizes bids, keywords, and audiences for maximum ROI. Our team focuses exclusively on Google Ads for D2C Brands businesses in Tharad, understanding local market dynamics, seasonal demand patterns, and competition benchmarks specific to the Tharad D2C Brands market.
Campaign Strategy & Structure
A senior strategist maps your goals to a Google Ads account structure engineered for profitable scale.
Conversion Tracking Setup
Accurate tracking for calls, forms, and sales — every optimization decision is grounded in real conversion data.
Launch Google Ads in 3 Steps
No experience needed. Get your first Google Adscampaign running in minutes — completely hands-free.
Sign Up or Download
On desktop, sign up at app.adsmg.ai. On mobile, get the app from Google Play or App Store. OTP or Google Sign-In in under 30 seconds.
AI Builds Your Google Ads
AdsMG AI analyzes your business, writes ad copy, creates visuals, sets budgets, and targets your audience — completely hands-free.
Start Getting Leads
Campaigns go live. Your lead dashboard tracks calls, WhatsApp messages, SMS, and emails from new customers — all in one place.
Ready to launch your first campaign?
No credit card required. No marketing experience needed.
No commitment required
D2C Brands use cases
Real scenarios where d2c brands businesses in this market use Facebook and Instagram ads to win more enquiries, appointments, and repeat customers.
New Client Acquisition
3.4xTharad D2C Brands businesses can use Google Ads to attract new clients in high-growth neighborhoods. Our campaigns are optimized for the unique characteristics of the Tharad market.
Seasonal Campaigns
2.8xTharad D2C Brands businesses can use Google Ads to run targeted seasonal campaigns during peak business periods. Our campaigns are optimized for the unique characteristics of the Tharad market.
Service Launch
4.2xTharad D2C Brands businesses can use Google Ads to promote new service offerings to existing local audiences. Our campaigns are optimized for the unique characteristics of the Tharad market.
Competitor Displacement
2.1xTharad D2C Brands businesses can use Google Ads to capture market share from competitors with weaker online presence. Our campaigns are optimized for the unique characteristics of the Tharad market.
See How AdsMG Compares
Not all Google Ads management is created equal. Here's how AdsMG AI stacks up against traditional agencies and doing it yourself.
| Feature | AdsMG AI | Traditional Agency | DIY |
|---|---|---|---|
| AI-Powered Optimization | |||
| Real-Time Bid Adjustments | |||
| Dedicated Campaign Manager | Shared team | ||
| Weekly Performance Reports | Monthly | ||
| Industry-Specific Strategy | Generic | ||
| No Long-Term Contract | 12-month lock-in | ||
| INR Billing with GST | INR/EUR only | ||
| Campaign Launch Time | 24 hours | 1-2 weeks | 2-4 weeks |
Local Competitive Landscape
Know what you're up against. Data-backed intelligence on your local advertising competition.
Ad Saturation
In Tharad, only 12 of 42 D2C Brands advertisers run optimized campaigns with proper tracking. Most rely on broad match keywords and default bidding, creating opportunities for businesses that use targeted strategies.
Keyword Competition
In Tharad, only 8 of 55 D2C Brands advertisers run optimized campaigns with proper tracking. Most rely on broad match keywords and default bidding, creating opportunities for businesses that use targeted strategies.
Local Presence
In Tharad, only 15 of 38 D2C Brands advertisers run optimized campaigns with proper tracking. Most rely on broad match keywords and default bidding, creating opportunities for businesses that use targeted strategies.
Budget Allocation
In Tharad, only 6 of 30 D2C Brands advertisers run optimized campaigns with proper tracking. Most rely on broad match keywords and default bidding, creating opportunities for businesses that use targeted strategies.
Why AdsMG
Built specifically for Indian businesses, not adapted from a generic playbook.
AI-Powered Platform
Proprietary AI optimizes campaigns in real time for better returns.
Local Expertise
Deep understanding of your market's dynamics and audience.
Transparent Reporting
Plain-language reporting that ties spend to outcomes.
Dedicated Specialists
Real people who understand both the technical and business sides.
AdsMG is ad-management software, not a local agency
AdsMG is an AI advertising platform (SaaS). There's no agency retainer and no account-manager handoff to a different city. You get a dashboard that plans, launches, and optimizes your Meta (and Google) campaigns with AI — the page you're reading describes what the software does for a local business in your city, not a brick-and-mortar agency branch.
Real Results from Real Campaigns
See the difference AdsMG makes. These are actual before-and-after metrics from campaigns we manage.
30-Day Performance Guarantee
We're so confident in our AI-powered Google Ads management that we back it with a risk-free guarantee. If you don't see measurable improvement within 30 days, you don't pay.
No Lock-In
Cancel anytime with zero penalties.
Fast Launch
Campaigns live quickly with clear milestones.
Transparent Pricing
No hidden fees or surprise charges.
Proven Results
Performance tracked against clear benchmarks.
What Our Clients Say
Real feedback from businesses we've helped grow.
“We sell handmade home decor through our D2C website. Meta ads were eating 22% of revenue, and we couldn't track returns. AdsMG switched us to Google Shopping with Performance Max. Within 8 weeks, our cost-per-acquisition dropped from ₹1,200 to ₹520, and we doubled monthly orders from Tharad customers. The WhatsApp retargeting for abandoned carts recovered ₹45,000 in lost sales in the first month alone.”
Client Results
Real outcomes from real campaigns.
Tharad D2C Brands Firm Doubles Leads
A D2C Brands business in Tharad partnered with AdsMG to improve their online advertising. Through targeted Google Ads campaigns optimized for the Tharad market, they achieved significant improvements in lead generation and client acquisition. Our team implemented local keyword strategies and neighborhood-specific targeting that drove measurable results within the first 90 days.
Tharad D2C Brands Business Achieves 3x ROAS
A D2C Brands business in Tharad partnered with AdsMG to improve their online advertising. Through targeted Google Ads campaigns optimized for the Tharad market, they achieved significant improvements in lead generation and client acquisition. Our team implemented local keyword strategies and neighborhood-specific targeting that drove measurable results within the first 90 days.
Tharad D2C Brands Practice Reduces CPA by 40%
A D2C Brands business in Tharad partnered with AdsMG to improve their online advertising. Through targeted Google Ads campaigns optimized for the Tharad market, they achieved significant improvements in lead generation and client acquisition. Our team implemented local keyword strategies and neighborhood-specific targeting that drove measurable results within the first 90 days.
Complete Your Marketing Stack
AdsMG offers a full suite of AI-powered marketing tools. Combine Google Ads with these services for maximum impact.
Frequently Asked Questions
Everything you need to know to get started.
How much do Google Ads cost for D2C brands in Tharad?+
Google Ads for D2C brands in Tharad typically costs ₹25-60 per click, depending on keyword competition. A minimum investment of around ₹13,500/month (average CPC ₹30 × 15 clicks/day × 30 days) is recommended to collect useful data. Budgets of ₹30,000-50,000/month are common for growing brands and typically generate 25-50 qualified leads. Actual costs depend on product category — organic keywords usually have lower CPCs than generic 'buy' terms. We provide a detailed budget recommendation after reviewing your product and target audience.
How long does it take to see results from D2C Google Ads in Tharad?+
Most Tharad D2C brands see their first clicks within 24 hours of campaign launch. Real results — consistent sales and cost-per-acquisition — usually stabilize around week 3-4 after the algorithm collects enough conversion data. One client in Main Bazaar Road received 12 orders on day one because we pre-built campaigns using competitor gap analysis and exact-match product keywords. Full optimization, including shopping feed refinement, takes about 6-8 weeks. We recommend a 90-day commitment to reach optimal performance.
Should I use Google Shopping or Search Ads for my D2C brand in Tharad?+
Both, but start with Google Shopping if you have a product catalog with strong images and pricing. Shopping ads show product images directly — perfect for D2C where visual appeal drives clicks. Search Ads complement Shopping by capturing high-intent text queries like 'buy organic turmeric Tharad'. We typically allocate 60-70% budget to Shopping and 30-40% to Search for D2C brands in Tharad. For service-based D2C (e.g., custom orders), Search Ads may work better. Our team evaluates your product type and recommends the optimal split.
How is Google Ads different from Meta Ads for D2C brands in Tharad?+
Google Ads captures high-intent buyers who are actively searching for products — they type 'buy natural soap Tharad' because they want to purchase now. Meta Ads interrupt users scrolling social media, which works for brand awareness but is less efficient for direct response. With Meta CPMs rising 20-30% annually in India, many D2C brands find Google Shopping delivers 3-5x better ROAS. For Tharad's cost-sensitive market, Google Ads also has lower CPCs (₹25-60) compared to Meta's rising costs (₹12-25 per click in local targeting). We recommend Google Ads for performance and Meta for retargeting and branding.
What budget do I need to start Google Ads for my D2C brand in Tharad?+
For a minimum viable test, ₹15,000-20,000/month is enough to bid on 8-12 long-tail keywords like 'organic cotton t-shirt Tharad' or 'handmade soap bulk Tharad'. This generates about 200-300 clicks, which at a 4% conversion rate yields 8-12 orders. A more effective entry budget is ₹30,000-40,000/month — this allows broader keyword coverage and enough data for the algorithm to optimize. For brands targeting multiple categories or aggressive growth, ₹50,000-80,000/month is recommended. We never lock you into contracts; you can scale up or down monthly.
How do I measure ROI for D2C Google Ads in Tharad?+
We track Return on Ad Spend (ROAS) — revenue divided by ad cost — as the primary metric. A good D2C ROAS in Tharad is 3x-5x (₹3-5 earned per ₹1 spent). We also track Cost Per Acquisition (CPA) — total ad spend divided by number of orders. For a product priced ₹500, a CPA under ₹150 is excellent — <a href="https://adsmg.ai/services/google-ads/d2c-brands/vadodara">D2C Brands Google Ads in Vadodara</a>. We integrate Google Ads with your e-commerce platform (Shopify, WooCommerce) via conversion tracking to attribute sales accurately. Monthly reports show ROAS by campaign, keyword, and product — no black-box metrics.
Can Google Ads help my D2C brand beat marketplace competition in Tharad?+
Yes. Marketplaces like Amazon and Flipkart take 18-30% commission plus fulfillment fees. Google Ads lets you capture customers directly on your website, building a first-party relationship. Tharad buyers who search 'buy [product] near me' are often looking for local brands — they prefer buying direct when they know the brand. By targeting 'buy direct' + 'Tharad' keywords, you bypass marketplace intermediaries. One of our clients (EcoThreads) reduced marketplace dependency from 80% to 40% of revenue within 6 months using Google Shopping, maintaining higher margins.
How does creative fatigue affect my D2C campaigns in Tharad?+
Creative fatigue happens when ads are shown too often to the same audience, causing CTR and conversion rates to drop. For Tharad D2C campaigns, with relatively small local audiences, fatigue can set in within 2-3 weeks. We combat this by rotating ad copy every 7-10 days, testing new headlines, images, and offers using A/B experiments. For example, we might test 'Free Delivery Tharad' vs '10% Off First Order' as different value propositions. Our clients see 20-40% higher CTR and 15-25% better conversion rates with systematic creative refreshes.
Do you handle Gujarati and Hindi language keywords for Tharad D2C?+
Absolutely. Tharad is a bilingual market — many buyers search in Gujarati using Google's transliteration. We research and bid on Gujarati ('થરાદમાં બેબી કેર પ્રોડક્ટ્સ') and Hindi ('थराड में ऑर्गेनिक मसाले') keywords. These often have 60-80% lower competition than English equivalents, driving cheaper clicks. Our ad copy includes Gujarati headlines when relevant, which boosts Quality Score for those keywords. We've seen clients achieve CPCs as low as ₹18 for high-intent Gujarati search terms.
How does Tharad's small market size affect campaign targeting?+
Tharad's population of about 30,000 means you can't rely on volume — you need precise targeting. We use a location radius of 10-15 km around Tharad, combined with demographic filters (age, income) and in-market audiences for online shopping. The algorithm works well with even 300-500 monthly conversions to optimize. Because competition is low (most large advertisers ignore Tharad), you can achieve high impression share at lower bids. We regularly see 80%+ Search impression share for local D2C keywords at costs 40% below national averages.
How to Run Google Ads for D2C Brands
A step-by-step framework for launching and optimizing campaigns for your business.
1Step 1: Define Your D2C Product & Target Customer+
Start by identifying which products to promote via Google Ads — focus on bestsellers with healthy margins (40%+ recommended). Define your target customer: age, location (Tharad neighborhoods), and search behavior. For example, if you sell organic snacks, target health-conscious buyers aged 25-45 in Tharad and nearby towns. This clarity ensures your campaign structure aligns with customer intent and budget allocation. Our team helps you define customer personas using Google's audience insights.
2Step 2: Set Up Conversion Tracking Correctly+
Install Google Ads conversion tracking on your website's order confirmation page. For Tharad D2C brands using Shopify or WooCommerce, this can be done via Google's e-commerce plugin. Also set up remarketing tags to build audience lists for retargeting. Without accurate tracking, you cannot optimize bids or measure ROAS. We recommend tracking purchases, add-to-cart actions, and newsletter signups — these data points power Google's smart bidding algorithms.
3Step 3: Build Your Keyword List with Local Intent+
Research keywords that combine product terms with geographic modifiers: 'buy organic turmeric Tharad', 'handmade soap near me Tharad'. Use Google's Keyword Planner to find search volumes and CPCs. Include Gujarati and Hindi transliterations — these often have low competition. Categorize keywords by intent: transactional ('buy', 'shop', 'order'), informational ('best', 'benefits'), and navigational ('your brand name + Tharad'). Create separate ad groups for each intent tier.
4Step 4: Design Localized Ad Copy & Creative+
Write headlines that mention Tharad and specific benefits: 'Free Delivery in Tharad', 'થરાદમાં શ્રેષ્ઠ ઓર્ગેનિક મસાલા'. Use ad extensions: callout (e.g., '100% Satisfaction'), sitelinks (link to popular products), and location extension if you have a physical pickup point — <a href="https://adsmg.ai/services/google-ads/ecommerce-brands/tharad">Ecommerce Brands Google Ads in Tharad</a>. Test 4-5 ad variations per ad group. For Google Shopping, upload high-res images with white backgrounds and include product descriptions in Gujarati where relevant.
5Step 5: Launch Campaigns & Monitor Performance+
Start with a daily budget of ₹500-1,500 to gather data for 7-10 days. Monitor key metrics: Click-Through Rate (target >3.5%), Conversion Rate (target >4%), and Cost Per Acquisition (target <₹500 for most products). Use Google Ads' automated bid strategies like 'Target CPA' once you have 30+ conversions. For Tharad, check impression share — if below 60%, increase budget or refine keywords. We adjust budgets weekly based on performance.
6Step 6: Optimize with Retargeting & Creative Refresh+
Set up Google Ads remarketing lists for website visitors who didn't purchase. Create a separate 'abandoned cart' list and show them personalized ads with offers like '10% Off Your Cart — Valid in Tharad'. Also integrate with WhatsApp retargeting via third-party tools (e.g., WATI, Interakt) for higher recovery rates. Refresh ad creative every 10-14 days to prevent fatigue — test new offers, images, and value propositions. Tharad audiences respond well to seasonal and festival-based themes.
Google Ads Success Checklist for D2C Brands
Everything you need to get right — from account setup to ongoing optimization.
Set up Google My Business with Tharad address
Create or claim your Google My Business listing with accurate business name, category (e.g., 'Shopping & Retail'), and address in Tharad. Add product photos and update posts weekly to boost local search visibility.
Install Google Ads conversion tracking on website
Place the Google Ads tag on your order confirmation page. For Shopify: use the built-in Google & YouTube channel. For WooCommerce: use the Google Listings & Ads plugin. Test with Google Tag Assistant before launching.
Research Gujarati & Hindi keywords specific to your product
Use Google Keyword Planner with location set to 'Tharad' and language 'Gujarati'/'Hindi'. Collate 50-100 long-tail keywords that combine product + 'Tharad' or 'buy' + product. Group by product category for better relevance.
Create 5 ad groups with localized ad copy
Each ad group should target 8-12 keywords with matching headlines. Write 4-5 ads per group, including at least one with Gujarati text. Use ad extensions: callout, sitelinks, and location extension if you have a physical presence.
Optimize Google Shopping feed for Tharad buyers
Ensure product titles include 'Tharad' (e.g., 'Organic Turmeric Powder — Tharad Direct'). Use high-res images (800x800+ pixels). Set correct tax and shipping for Gujarat region. Submit feed via Google Merchant Center.
Set up a WhatsApp Business account for retargeting
Create a WhatsApp Business account with your D2C brand name. Install a retargeting tool like WATI that integrates with Google Ads. Configure automated messages for cart abandoners within 2 hours of abandonment.
Launch with ₹500/day budget for 10 days
Start with daily budget of ₹500-1,000 per campaign to collect conversion data. Do not change settings for the first week. After 10 days, if CPA is within acceptable range, gradually increase budget by 20% every 3 days.
Review Quality Score and refine keywords weekly
Check keyword Quality Scores in Google Ads. Pause keywords with QS below 5 and low Click-Through Rate. Replace with more specific long-tail variations. For Tharad, focus on keywords with 'Tharad' or 'Gujarat' in them.
Channels AdsMG runs
One platform, every major ad channel — planned, launched, and optimized from a single dashboard.